Chapter 14 Imaging Techniques and Indications for the Emergency Patient

Ultrasonography

  1. de Solis CN, Palmer JE, Boston RC, Reef VB: The importance of ultrasonographic pneumatosis intestinalis in equine neonatal gastrointestinal disease, Equine Vet J Suppl 41:64-68, 2012. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Grenager NS, Durham MG: Ultrasonographic evidence of colonic mesenteric vessels as an indicator of right dorsal displacement of the large colon in 13 horses, Equine Vet J Suppl 39:153-155, 2011. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Jones SL, Davis J, Rowlingson K: Ultrasonographic findings in horses with right dorsal colitis: five cases (2000-2001), J Am Vet Med Assoc 222:1248-1251, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
  4. McMullen RJ, Gilger BC: Keratometry, biometry and prediction of intraocular lens power in the equine eye, Vet Ophthalmol 9:357-360, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
  5. Michau TM: 2005. Equine ocular examination: basic and advanced diagnostic techniques. In Gilger BC, editor: Equine ophthalmology, St Louis, 2005, Saunders.
  6. Pease AP, Scrivani PV, Erb HN et al: Accuracy of increased large intestine wall thickness during ultrasonography for large colon torsion in 42 horses, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 45:220-224, 2004. PUBMED Abstract
  7. Plummer CE, Ramsey DT, Hauptman JG: Assessment of corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, optical corneal diameter, and axial globe dimensions in Miniature Horses, Am J Vet Res 64:661-665, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
  8. Rampazzo A, Eule C, Speier S et al: Scleral rupture in dogs, cats and horses, Vet Ophthalmol 3:149-155, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
  9. Reef VB: Abdominal ultrasonography. In Reef VB, editor: Equine diagnostic ultrasound, Philadelphia, 1998, WB Saunders.
  10. Reef VB: Fetal ultrasonography. In Reef VB, editor: Equine diagnostic ultrasound, Philadelphia, 1998, WB Saunders.
  11. Reef VB: Musculoskeletal ultrasonography. In Reef VB, editor: Equine diagnostic ultrasound, Philadelphia, 1998, WB Saunders.
  12. Reef VB: Pediatric abdominal ultrasonography. In Reef VB, editor: Equine diagnostic ultrasound, Philadelphia, 1998, WB Saunders.
  13. Reef VB: Thoracic ultrasonography. In Reef VB, editor: Equine diagnostic ultrasound, Philadelphia, 1998, WB Saunders.
  14. Reef VB: Ultrasonography of small parts. In Reef VB, editor: Equine diagnostic ultrasound, Philadelphia, 1998, WB Saunders.
  15. Reuss SM, Chaffin MK, Schmitz DG, Norman TE: , Vet Radiol Ultrasound 52(4):462-465, 2011.
  16. Rogers M, Cartee RE, Miller W et al: Evaluation of extirpated equine eye using B-mode ultrasonography, Vet Radiol 27:24-29, 1986.
  17. Scotty NC, Cutler TJ, Brooks DE, Ferrell E: Diagnostic ultrasonography of equine lens and posterior segment abnormalities, Vet Ophthalmol 7:127-139, 2004. PUBMED Abstract

Nuclear Scintigraphy

  1. Castronovo FP, Strauss HW: Dual tracer resorption and opposition in a rat fracture model, Nucl Med Biol 15:181, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Chambers MD, Martinelli MJ, Baker GJ et al: Nuclear medicine for diagnosis of lameness in horses, J Am Vet Med Assoc 206:792, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Cheng KT, Shaw SM, Pinkerton TC et al: A Walker 256 tumor-induced osteogenic small animal model for the evaluation of [99mTc] diphosphonate radiopharmaceuticals, Int J Nucl Med Biol 12:197, 1985. PUBMED Abstract
  4. Chisin R, Gazit D, Ulmansky M et al: 99mTc-MDP uptake and histological changes during rate bone marrow regeneration, Nucl Med Biol 15:469, 1988. PUBMED Abstract
  5. Devous MD, Twardock AR: Techniques and applications of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of equine lameness, J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:318, 1984. PUBMED Abstract
  6. Dore F, Filippi L, Biasotto M et al: Bone scintigraphy and SPECT/CT of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw, J Nucl Med 50:30, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  7. Dyson SJ, Pilsworth RC, Twardock AR et al, editors: Equine scintigraphy, Newmarket, 2003, Equine Veterinary Journal Ltd.
  8. Johnson B, Ardans A, Stover SM et al: California racehorse postmortem program: a 4-year overview, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 40:167, 1994.
  9. Kanishi D: 99mTc-MDP accumulation mechanisms in bone, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 75:239, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
  10. Kawano M, Taki J, Tsuchiya H et al: Predicting the outcome of distraction osteogenesis by 3-phase bone scintigraphy, J Nucl Med 44:369, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
  11. Levine DG, Ross BM, Ross MW et al: Decreased radiopharmaceutical uptake (photopenia) in delayed phase scintigraphic images in three horses, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 48:467, 2007. PUBMED Abstract
  12. Okamoto Y: Accumulation of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate: conditions affecting adsorption to hydroxapaptite, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 80:115, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
  13. Orsini JA, Norman T, Ross M et al: Nuclear scintigraphy, radiography, and ultrasonography for diagnosis of avulsion fractures at the suspensory ligament origin in horses, Intern J Appl Res Vet Med 4:8-14, 2006.
  14. Ross MW: Nuclear medicine. In Ross MW, Dyson SA, editors: Diagnosis and management of lameness in the horse, ed 2, St Louis, 2011, Elsevier Saunders.
  15. Savelkoul TJF, Visser WJ, Oldenburg SJ et al: A micro-autoradiographical study of the localization of 99mTc(Sn)-MDP and 99mTc-MDP in undecalcified bone sections, Eur J Nucl Med 11:459, 1986. PUBMED Abstract
  16. Scheidegger E, Geissbühlerl U, Doherr MG et al: Technetium-99m-HDP uptake characteristics in equine fractures: a retrospective study, Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 148:569, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
  17. Schwartz Z, Shani J, Soskolne WA et al: Uptake and biodistribution of technetium-99m-MD32P during rat tibial bone repair, J Nucl Med 34:104, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
  18. Sela J, Shani J, Kohavi D et al: Uptake and biodistribution of 99mTechnetium methylene-[32P] diphosphonate during endosteal healing around titanium, stainless steel and hydroxyapatite implants in rat tibial bone, Biomaterials 16:1373, 1995. PUBMED Abstract
  19. Shani J, Amir D, Soskolne WA et al: Correlations between uptake of technetium, calcium, phosphate, and mineralization in rat tibial bone repair, J Nucl Med 31:2011, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
  20. Stokkel MP, Valdes-Olmos RA, Hoefnagel CA et al: Tumor and therapy associated abnormal changes on bone scintigraphy: old and new phenomena, Clin Nucl Med 18:821, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
  21. Stover SM, Johnson BJ, Daft BM et al: An association between complete and incomplete stress fractures of the humerus in racehorses, Equine Vet J 24:260, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
  22. Stover SM, Read DH, Johnson BJ et al: Lateral condylar fracture histomorphology in racehorses, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 40:173, 1994.

Computer Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

  1. Easley JT, Brokken MT, Zubrod CJ et al: Magnetic resonance imaging findings in horses with septic arthritis, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 52(4):402-408, 2011. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Gaschen L, Leroux A, Trichel J et al: Magnetic resonance imaging in foals with infectious arthritis, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 52(6):627-633, 2011. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Hilton H, Puchalski SM, Aleman M: The computed tomographic appearance of equine temporohyoid osteoarthropathy, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 50:151-160, 2009. PUBMED Abstract
  4. Lacombe VA, Sogaro-Robinson C, Reed SM: Diagnostic utility of computed tomography imaging in equine intracranial conditions, Equine Vet J 42:393-399, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
  5. Javsicas LH, Watson E, MacKay RJ: What is your neurologic diagnosis? Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, J Am Vet Med Assoc 232:201-204, 2008. PUBMED Abstract
  6. Tapprest J, Audigie F, Fadier C et al: Magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of stress fractures in a horse, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 44:438-442, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
  7. Urraca Del Junco CI, Mair TS, Powell SE et al: Magnetic resonance imaging findings of equine solar penetration wounds, Vet Radiol Ultrasound 53(1):71-5, 2011.