Chapter 25 Respiratory System

Transtracheal Aspiration and Bronchoalveolar Lavage

  1. Darien BJ, Brown CM, Walker RD et al: A tracheoscopic technique for obtaining uncontaminated lower airway secretions for bacterial culture in the horse, Equine Vet J 22:170-173, 1990. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Hoffman AM, Viel L: Techniques for sampling the respiratory tract of horses, Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 13:463-475, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Sweeney CR, Sweeney RW, Benson CE: Comparison of bacteria isolated from specimens obtained by use of endoscopic guarded tracheal swabbing and percutaneous tracheal aspiration in the horse, J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:1225-1229, 1989. PUBMED Abstract
    4. Oxygen Therapy
  4. Wong DM, Alcott CJ, Wang C, Hay-Kraus BL, Buchanan BR, Brockus CW: Physiologic effects of nasopharyngeal administration of supplemental oxygen at various flow rates in healthy neonatal foals, Am J Vet Res 71(9):1081-1088, 2010. PUBMED Abstract
  5. Wilson DV, Schott HC 2nd, Robinson NE, Berney CE, Eberhart SW: Response to nasopharyngeal oxygen administration in horses with lung disease, Equine Vet J 38(3):219-223, 2006. PUBMED Abstract

Paranasal Sinus Trephination

  1. Dixon PM, Parkin TD, Collins N et al: Historical and clinical features of 200 cases of equine sinus disease, Vet Rec 169(17):439, 2011. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Merriam JG: Field sinusotomy in the management of chronic sinusitis and alveolitis. Thirty-ninth annual convention proceedings of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, 1993, San Antonio, Texas.
  3. Ruggles AJ: Endoscopic examination of the paranasal sinuses in the horse. Twenty-second annual surgical forum of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons, 1994. Washington, DC.

Respiratory Distress with Noise

  1. Altmaier K, Morris EA: Dorsal displacement of the soft palate in neonatal foals, Equine Vet J 25:329-332, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Carr EA, Spier SJ, Kortz GD et al: Laryngeal and pharyngeal dysfunction in horses homozygous for hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:798-803, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Guglick MA, MacAllister CG, Breazile JE: Laryngospasm, dysphagia, and emaciation associated with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in a horse, J Am Vet Med Assoc 209:115-117, 1996. PUBMED Abstract
  4. Hawkins JF, Tulleners EP: Epiglottitis in horses: 20 cases (1988-1993), J Am Vet Med Assoc 205:1577-1580, 1994. PUBMED Abstract
  5. Holcombe SJ, Hurcombe SD, Barr BS et al: Dysphagia associated with presumed pharyngeal dysfunction in 16 neonatal foals, Equine Vet J Suppl (41):105-108, 2012. PUBMED Abstract
  6. Mair TS, Lane JG: The differential diagnoses of sudden-onset respiratory distress, Equine Vet Educ 8:131-136, 1996.
  7. McGorum BC, Murphy D, Love S et al: Clinicopathological features of equine primary hepatic disease: a review of 50 cases, Vet Rec 145:134-139, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
  8. Rose RJ, Hartley WJ, Baker W: Laryngeal paralysis in Arabian foals associated with oral haloxon administration, Equine Vet J 13:171-176, 1981. PUBMED Abstract
  9. Senior M: Post-anaesthetic pulmonary oedema in horses: a review, Vet Anaesth Analg 32:193-200, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
  10. Sullivan EK, Parente EJ: Disorders of the pharynx, Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 19:159-167, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
  11. Traub-Dargatz JL, Ingram JT, Stashak TS et al: Respiratory stridor associated with polymyopathy suspected to be periodic paralysis in four Quarter Horse foals, J Am Vet Med Assoc 201:83-85, 1992. PUBMED Abstract
  12. Woodford NS, Lane JG: Long-term retrospective study of 52 horses with sinunasal cysts, Equine Vet J 38:198-202, 2006. PUBMED Abstract

Bronchointerstitial and Rhodococcus equi Pneumonia in Foals

  1. Dunkel B, Dolente B, Boston RC: Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome in 15 foals, Equine Vet J 37:435-440, 2005. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Giguère S, Cohen ND, Chaffin MK et al: Diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention of infections caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals, J Vet Intern Med 25(6):1209-1220, 2011. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Lakritz J, Wilson D, Berry CR et al: Bronchointerstitial pneumonia and respiratory distress in young horses: clinical, clinicopathologic, radiographic, and pathologic findings in 23 cases (1984-1989), J Vet Intern Med 7:277-288, 1993. PUBMED Abstract
  4. Nout YS, Hinchcliff KW, Samii VF et al: Chronic pulmonary disease with radiographic interstitial opacity (interstitial pneumonia) in foals, Equine Vet J 34:542-548, 2002. PUBMED Abstract

Pleuropneumonia

  1. Carr EA, Carlson GP, Wilson WD et al: Acute hemorrhagic pulmonary infarction and necrotizing pneumonia in horses: 21 cases (1967-1993), J Am Vet Med Assoc 210:1774-1778, 1997. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Racklyeft DJ, Love DN: Bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract in 34 horses, Aust Vet J 78:549-559, 2000. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Hilton H, Pusterla N: Intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy in the management of septic pleuropneumonia in a horse, Vet Rec 164:558-559, 2009. PUBMED Abstract

Heaves (RAO)

  1. Leclere M, Lavoie-Lamoureux A, Lavoie JP: Heaves, an asthma-like disease of horses, Respirology 16(7):1027-1046, 2011. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Couetil L, Hammer J, Miskovic Feutz M, Nogradi N, Perez-Moreno C, Ivester KJ: Effects of N-butylscopolammonium bromide on lung function in horses with recurrent airway obstruction, Vet Intern Med 26(6):1433-1438, 2012. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Jean D, Vrins A, Beauchamp G, Lavoie JP: Evaluation of variations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in horses with recurrent airway obstruction, Am J Vet Res 72(6):838-842, 2011. PUBMED Abstract
  4. Leclere M, Lefebvre-Lavoie J, Beauchamp G, Lavoie JP: Efficacy of oral prednisolone and dexamethasone in horses with recurrent airway obstruction in the presence of continuous antigen exposure, Equine Vet J 42(4):316-321, 2010. PUBMED Abstract

Pneumothorax

  1. Boy MG, Sweeney CR: Pneumothorax in horses: 40 cases (1980-1997), J Am Vet Med Assoc 216:1955-1959, 2000. PUBMED Abstract

Aerosol Therapy

  1. Lekeux P, Duvivier D: Aerosol therapy. www.ivis.org/special_books/Lekeux/lekeux/ivis.pdf; document BO331.1101. Retrieved Nov 13, 2001.
  2. McKenzie HC: Characterization of antimicrobial aerosols for administration to horses, Vet Ther 4:110-119, 2003. PUBMED Abstract

Pulmonary Edema

  1. Senior M: Post-anaesthetic pulmonary oedema in horses: a review, Vet Anaesth Analg 32:193-200, 2005. PUBMED Abstract

Fractured Rib

  1. Jean D, Laverty S, Halley J et al: Thoracic trauma in newborn foals, Equine Vet J 31:149-115, 1999. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Schambourg MA, Laverty S, Mullim S et al: Thoracic trauma in foals: post mortem findings, Equine Vet J 35:78-81, 2003. PUBMED Abstract

Pulmonary Infiltrative Diseases

  1. Pusterla N, Pesavento PA, Smith P et al: Idiopathic granulomatous pneumonia in seven horses, Vet Rec 153:653-655, 2003. PUBMED Abstract
  2. Singh K, Holbrook TC, Gilliam LL et al: Severe pulmonary disease due to multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease in a horse, Vet Pathol 43:189-193, 2006. PUBMED Abstract
  3. Sweeney CR, Habecker PL: Pulmonary aspergillosis in horses: 29 cases (1974-1997), J Am Vet Med Assoc 214:808-811, 1999. PUBMED Abstract